Election posters are a visual means of conveying political messages to a wide audience and are an important print medium for political communication, directly controlled by political actors.

Factors influencing graduates' career success fall into two categories: those influenced by HEIs and those external to HEIs.

In the past, political actors have differed in their motivation to adopt and use technological innovation. Technological innovations may have been introduced when there was a belief that such innovations would make work "cheaper and faster".

The relationship between journalists and politicians is one of conflict and cooperation that shapes citizens' engagement with political life in specific political, economic, cultural and technological contexts, according to studies ranging from debates on the public sphere, media systems research, explorations of the social roles of media and journalism, to the processes of news production.